Scifed Cardiology-2018 Summit


Cardiac Arrhythmia
cardiology conference

Scientific Federation Organizing “2nd International Congress and Expo on Cardiology (cardiology-2018)” conference during September 20-21, 2018 at Toronto, Canada.

Cardiac arrhythmia, also known as “irregular heartbeat” or “cardiac dysrhythmia”. It may be so brief that it doesn’t change your overall heart rate (the number of times per minute that your heart beats). Or it can cause the heart rate to be too slow or too fast. Some arrhythmias don’t cause any symptoms.

Arrhythmias occur when the electrical signals to the heart that coordinate heartbeats are not working properly. For instance, some people experience irregular heartbeats, which may feel like a racing heart or fluttering.

Arrhythmias are of four types: Fast heartbeat: Tachycardia; Slow heartbeat: Bradycardia; Irregular heartbeat: Flutter or Fibrillation and Early heartbeat: Premature contraction.

Most arrhythmias are not serious, but some can predispose the individual to stroke or cardiac arrest.

Causes: Any interruption to the electrical impulses that cause the heart to contract can result in arrhythmia. For a person with a healthy heart, they should have a heart rate of between 60-100 beats per minute when resting. The more fit a person is, the lower their resting heart rate.
Olympic athletes, for example, will usually have a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute because their hearts are very efficient.

An arrhythmia occurs when:
The heart's natural pacemaker develops an abnormal rate or rhythm, the normal conduction pathway is interrupted and another part of the heart takes over as pacemaker.

When the heart's ability to work is greatly reduced for a prolonged time, a life-threatening situation can arise. This may result from ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, an extremely fast, chaotic rhythm during which the lower chambers quiver and the heart can't pump any blood, causing cardiac arrest. This is sudden cardiac arrest, which is a medical emergency.

If the heart can continue to pump normally, though, some ventricular tachycardias may be tolerated without fainting (syncope) or cardiac arrest. Tachycardia may be nonsustained (lasting only seconds) or sustained (lasting for minutes or hours).

Tachycardias also can cause serious injury to other organs. For example, the brain, kidneys, lungs or liver may be damaged during prolonged cardiac arrest.

A healthy person will hardly ever suffer from long-term arrhythmia unless they have an external trigger, such as drug abuse or an electric shock. If there is an underlying problem, however, the electrical impulses may not be able to travel through the heart correctly, increasing the likelihood of arrhythmia.

Symptoms of arrhythmia:


Some patients have no symptoms, but a doctor might detect an arrhythmia during a routine examination or on an EKG.

Even if a patient notices symptoms, it does not necessarily mean there is a serious problem; for instance, some patients with life-threatening arrhythmias may have no symptoms while others with symptoms may not have a serious problem.

Symptoms depend on the type of arrhythmia; we will explain the most common below:

Tachycardia is when the heart beats quicker than normal; symptoms include: Breathlessness (dyspnea), Dizziness, Syncope (fainting, or nearly fainting), Fluttering in the chest, Chest pain, Lightheadedness, Sudden weakness.

Bradycardia is when the heart beats slower than normal; symptoms include: Angina (chest pain), Trouble concentrating, Confusion, Difficulties when exercising, Dizziness, Fatigue (tiredness), Lightheadedness, Palpitations, Shortness of breath, Syncope (fainting or nearly fainting), Diaphoresis, or Sweating.

Atrial fibrillation is when the upper chambers of the heart beat in an irregular pattern and out of synchrony with the lower chambers. Symptoms often develop rapidly, although sometimes, there are no symptoms: Angina (chest pain), Breathlessness (dyspnea), Dizziness, Palpitations, Syncope (fainting, or nearly fainting), and Weakness.
Treatments for arrhythmia:

Treatment for arrhythmia is only required if the condition is putting the patient at risk of a more serious arrhythmia or a complication, or if the symptoms are very severe.

Treatments for Tachycardia:

There are several different treatments for tachycardia:

Vagal maneuvers - certain movements that the patient can do themselves might stop some types of arrhythmia that start above the lower half of the heart.

Medications - these will not cure the patient, but are usually effective in reducing episodes of tachycardia and can help with proper electrical conduction of the heart.

Cardio version - the doctor may use an electric shock or medication to reset the heart to its regular rhythm.

Ablation therapy - one or more catheters go through blood vessels into the inner heart. They are placed in areas of the heart that are thought to be the source of the arrhythmia and destroy small sections of those tissues.

ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) - the device is implanted near the left collarbone and monitors heart rhythm; if it detects an abnormally fast rhythm, it stimulates the heart to return to a normal rhythm.

Maze procedure - a series of surgical incisions are made in the heart. They then heal into scars and form blocks. These blocks guide the electrical impulses, helping the heart to beat efficiently.

Ventricular aneurysm surgery - sometimes, an aneurysm (bulge) in a blood vessel that leads to the heart causes an arrhythmia. If other treatments do not work, a surgeon may remove the aneurysm.
Coronary bypass surgery - arteries or veins from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted to the coronary arteries to bypass any regions that have become narrow, and improve the blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium).

Treatments for Bradycardia:

If Bradycardia is caused by an underlying condition, that condition needs to be treated first. If no underlying problem is found, the doctor may advise implanting a pacemaker. A pacemaker is a small device that is placed under the skin of the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. Pacemakers use electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal minimum rate.

Risk factors for arrhythmia:

The following are possible risk factors for arrhythmia: Old age, Inherited gene defects, Heart problems, Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism, Some prescription medications and over-the-counter drugs, Hypertension, Obesity, Uncontrolled diabetes, Obstructive sleep apnea, Electrolyte imbalances, Heavy and regular alcohol consumption, Too much caffeine, Illegal drugs.

Complications of arrhythmia:

Stroke - fibrillation (quivering) means that the heart is not pumping properly. This can cause blood to collect in pools and clots can form. If one of the clots dislodges it may travel to a brain artery, blocking it, and causing a stroke. Stroke can cause brain damage and can sometimes be fatal.

Heart failure - prolonged Tachycardia or Bradycardia can result in the heart not pumping enough blood to the body and its organs - this is heart failure. Treatment can usually help improve this.

Cardiology-2018 will provide the excellent opportunity to meet experts related to Arrhythmia exchange information and strengthen the collaboration among Directors, Researchers, Associate Professors, and Scholars from both academia and industry.

 For more details, please go through PS: http://scientificfederation.com/cardiology-2018/



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